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Five important issues in the present field of knowledge discovery

Yang Bingru

Strategic Study of CAE 2009, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 76-83

Abstract:

In this paper, the author summarized and proposed five important issuesin the present field of knowledge discovery and data mining, which comprise two important core issues, two conjectures, challenge issues in mainstream development, important issues of relevant fields inThose five issues correlate closely, and these researches will push the development of knowledge discovery

Keywords： important core issues in KD conjectures in KD challenge issues in KD protein secondary structure prediction technique standard in KD

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Kd-tree and quad-tree decompositions for declustering of 2D range queries over uncertain space

Ahmet SAYAR,Süleyman EKEN,Okan ÖZTÜRK

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2015, Volume 16, Issue 2, Pages 98-108 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400165

Abstract: a study to show the possibility of using two well-known space partitioning and indexing techniques, kdThe key challenge is how to balance the spatial processing load across a large number of worker nodes

Keywords： Kd tree Quad tree Space partitioning Spatial indexing Range queries Query optimization

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Current situation and challenge of registry in China

Yang Zhang,Yuji Feng,Zhi Qu,Yali Qi,Siyan Zhan

Frontiers of Medicine 2014, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 294-299 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0355-x

Abstract:

Increasing emphasis has been placed on registries for an organized system used in developing clinical research to improve health care. China has sufficient data that can be applied broadly, but the heterogeneity and irregularity of registries limit their applicability. This article aims to describe the status of registries in China and the related challenges. Patient registries for observational studies were retrieved from the International Clinical Trials Registry to quantitatively evaluate the number of comparatively high-quality registries in China. A literature search was also performed to provide support and updates. A total of 64 patient registries were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov using disease, product, and health service as criteria. The sample sizes ranged from 15 to 30 400, with only 12 registries marked as completed. This article describes and compares the detailed information in many aspects. The efficient use of registries has already made considerable progress in China; however, registries still require standardization, high-quality transition, and coordinated development.

Keywords： observational study Chinese registry study patient registries

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Current challenge and perspective of PGM-free cathode catalysts for PEM fuel cells

Gang WU

Frontiers in Energy 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 286-298 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0477-3

Abstract: The challenge thus has been their stability under acidic conditions, which has hindered their use for

Keywords： oxygen reduction fuel cells cathode nonprecious metal catalysts carbon nanocomposites

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The Progress and Grand Challenge of Urbanization in China Views & Comments

Xu Kuangdi

Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 26-28 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.029

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Engineering Management: Issues, Participants and Outputs

Ji-shan He

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2014, Volume 1, Issue 4, Pages 329-329 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014065

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An old issue and a new challenge for nuclear reactor safety

F. D’AURIA

Frontiers in Energy 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4, Pages 854-859 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0729-0

Abstract: Nuclear reactor safety (NRS) and the branch accident analysis (AA) constitute proven technologies: these are based on, among the other things, long lasting research and operational experience in the area of water cooled nuclear reactors (WCNR). Large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) has been, so far, the orienting scenario within AA and a basis for the design of reactors. An incomplete vision for those technologies during the last few years is as follows: Progress in fundamentals was stagnant, namely in those countries where the WCNR were designed. Weaknesses became evident, noticeably in relation to nuclear fuel under high burn-up. Best estimate plus uncertainty (BEPU) techniques were perfected and available for application. Electronic and informatics systems were in extensive use and their impact in case of accident becomes more and more un-checked (however, quite irrelevant in case of LBLOCA). The time delay between technological discoveries and applications was becoming longer. The present paper deals with the LBLOCA that is inserted into the above context. Key conclusion is that regulations need suitable modification, rather than lowering the importance and the role of LBLOCA. Moreover, strengths of emergency core cooling system (ECCS) and containment need a tight link.

Keywords： large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) nuclear reactor safety (NRS) licensing perspectives basis for design of water cooled nuclear reactors (WCNR)

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Regulatory issues for genetically modified animals

Perry Bradbury HACKETT

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 188-203 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019307

Abstract:

Precision genetics and breeding have the potential to meet the agricultural needs and goals of the world in the 21st century. These needs include increasing the efficiency of production of animals and improving their products with minimal impact on the environment. The USA is the major innovator in genomic science and the acknowledged leader in formulating policies to regulate genetic applications in medicine and agriculture. However, governments worldwide have been exceedingly reluctant to support the introduction of genetically modified (GM) animals into agriculture. Regulatory policies have stagnated due to legal guidelines that could not anticipate the needs and solutions that are evident today. This must change if we are to maintain planetary integrity. I propose a new, market-based regulatory model for GM livestock that has both a strong scientific foundation and has worked for 10000 years. The model is similar to that for information technology in which specific algorithms drive computer and cell phone applications. Genome engineers write genetic algorithms that drive the traits in biological organisms. Accordingly, GM products should be viewed in terms of their use and public benefit rather than by limitations to the genetic programing coming from a few highly vocal groups. Genetic algorithms (Genapps) of the 21st century will include not only introduction of synthetic genes, but also complete natural and synthetic biochemical pathways to produce agricultural products that are maximally efficient, healthy to humans and animals, and sustainable in an era of changing climates while avoiding environmental degradation.

Keywords： algorithms editing FDA GMO recombinant DNA USDA

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Discussion of solutions to ethical issues in real-world study

Sicheng Wang,Baoyan Liu,Ningning Xiong,Qi Xie,Runshun Zhang,Xuezhong Zhou,Jie Qiao

Frontiers of Medicine 2014, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 316-320 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0354-y

Abstract: In this paper, basic features and nature of real-world clinical studies are discussed, and ethical issuesMoreover, some preliminary solutions to these issues, such as protecting subjects during the process

Keywords： real-world study ethics strategy

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Several issues to be considered for long-term better behavior of concrete gravity dams

Jinsheng JIA,

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 40-46 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0006-5

Abstract: Along with economic, social quick development and urbanization, dams and reservoirs are of strategic importance for flood control, water supply, electricity production, irrigation, etc., both for developed countries and for developing countries. Climate change is a new challenging issue to be considered which will speed up the development of hydropower in developing countries. More and more attention will be paid on the long-term better behavior of dams to guarantee the safety of the people involved and the better development of the world. There are about 50000 old dams in the world and a lot of them have been completed and operated for more than 50 years. However, how do we evaluate the dams’ safety? How do we make the decision to do rehabilitation work or to rebuild a new dam based on evaluation results? The life span and the real safety status of old dams becomes a challenging task for the dam society, especially for China because it has more than 6000 dams to be evaluated and rehabilitated within the next few years. Based on the investigation of the Fengman gravity dam, which is 91.7 m high, operated since 1943 and suffered uplift pressure, freeze and thaw problems, etc., discussions on the life span evaluation of old concrete gravity dams have been made. The reasonable coefficient of dam safety has been discussed. The social decision for the final choice after comprehensive studies has been introduced.

Keywords： dam safety economic life span structural life span environmental life span rehabilitation social decision

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Strategic Project Management to Use the Grand Challenge Scholars Program to Address Urban Infrastructure

David A. Wyrick,Warren Myers

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2016, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 203-205 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016046

Abstract: Throughout the world, infrastructure to support cities is critical to support sustainable and responsible economic development. This can include new infrastructure projects in the case of growing areas. It can also include the renewal and upgrading of existing infrastructure in areas that have been inhabited and already developed. Infrastructure includes roads, bridges and transportation systems; power grids and energy service; internet and telecommunications; and water and sewer services. This development can be part of a system of systems, in which government, industries, and universities can contribute knowledge, skills, and abilities. This paper will investigate the strategic project management taken by one university to provide an academic experience that will prepare engineering students to address several of the Grand Engineering Challenges of the 21st Century, as identified by the US National Academy of Engineering. The challenges relating to energy, water, information, and urban infrastructure can be approached using the functions of teaching, research, and service. By approaching the challenges strategically, resources of faculty time, student effort and laboratory facilities can be leveraged to achieve greater results. This case study will describe the efforts and results to date and identify opportunities for future growth.

Keywords： Grand Challenges urban infrastructure development engineering management system of systems strategic management engineering management case study

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Review on drivers, trends and emerging issues of the food wastage in China

Lin MA,Wei QIN,Tara GARNETT,Fusuo ZHANG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2015, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 159-167 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015066

Abstract: To meet the challenge of feeding a growing population with limited resources, many studies have explored

Keywords： food security food chain food wastes and losses environmental impacts

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Public perception of environmental issues across socioeconomic characteristics: A survey study in Wujin

Jun BI, Yongliang ZHANG, Bing ZHANG,

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 361-372 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0017-4

Abstract: countries, there is controversy over the correct perception regarding environmental and developmental issuesstudies have examined the perception of low-income nationals in regards to social and environmental issuessocio-demographic factors and the groups’ perceived priority regarding environmental and social issuesresidents, specifically the young, government employed and the urban community consider environmental issuesCompared to social issues, environmental concern was greater among the young, government employed, and

Keywords： socio-economic characteristics environmental perception sustainable development policy making

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Molecular targeted therapy of gynecological malignant tumors: the development and challenge, from laboratory

Pengming SUN PhD, MD , Jalid SEHOULI PhD, MD , Lihui WEI BM ,

Frontiers of Medicine 2009, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 256-264 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0052-3

Abstract: More and more molecular drugs based on targeted therapy have been utilized in the treatment of gynecologic cancer, especially in ovarian cancer. In this article, we systematically review the current targeted therapeutic trials running in clinic. Large, randomized trials have been conducted in the treatment of ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and cervical cancer by using small molecule, antisense, mutational gene as well as antibodies. Other planned or ongoing trials currentlytargeted at molecular markers which may play important roles in gynecological carcinogenesis andprogression suggest that combination chemotherapy with molecular targeted therapy will ultimately be an importantoption.

Keywords： target therapy gynecologic malignant tumors clinical trail molecular medicine